Managing Waste Products from Dairy Factories Free Essay Example, 7500 words

Waste from the dairy industry comes from the sources of milk, ingredients and the product itself. EMS application for wastewater management system includes setting up, monitoring factory model establishment, data collection implementation, methods for establishing losses, establishing standards, setting up data processing and reporting system (Mann, 2004, p. 35). Water processing plants that use chemical processes to manage the wastewater have now turned to the use of zero-effluent techniques of waste management that ensure that the waste water can be re-used and the volume of wastewater that is meant for disposal to the environment is minimized. (Labrecque and Bedard, 2004, p. 52) Treated water can be used for other purposes such as landscape irrigation, watering the plants, and industrial purposes. The world is in dire need of water reuse. (Shao, 2008, p. 1) The figure above shows data on the increase of the world s demand for water reuse; this has been increasing at a considerab le pace and will continue to increase in the next decade. Reusable water can help in environment preservation. Moreover, we will focus our study on the removal of nutrients from dairy wastewater and how these nutrients can be used for business, or how to make money out of it. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Waste Products from Dairy Factories or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

How to Name Ionic Compounds

Ionic compounds consist of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions). Ionic compound nomenclature or naming  is based on the names of the component ions. In all cases, ionic compound naming gives the positively charged cation first, followed by the negatively charged anion. Here are the principal naming conventions for ionic compounds, along with examples to show how they are used: Roman Numerals in Ionic Compound Names A Roman numeral in parentheses, followed by the name of the element, is used for elements that can form more than one positive ion. There is no space between the element name and the parenthesis. This notation is usually seen with metals since they commonly display more than one oxidation state or valence. You can use a chart to see the possible valences for the elements. Fe2 Iron(II)Fe3 Iron(III)Cu Copper(I)Cu2 Copper(II) Example: Fe2O3 is iron(III) oxide. Naming Ionic Compounds Using  -ous and -ic Although Roman numerals are used to denote the ionic charge of cations, it is still common to see and use the endings -ous or -ic. These endings are added to the Latin name of the element (e.g., stannous/stannic for tin) to represent the ions with lesser or greater charge, respectively. The Roman numeral naming convention has wider appeal because many ions have more than two valences. Fe2 FerrousFe3 FerricCu CuprousCu2 Cupric Example: FeCl3 is ferric chloride or iron(III) chloride. Naming Ionic Compounds Using  -ide The -ide ending is added to the name of a monoatomic ion of an element. H- HydrideF- FluorideO2- OxideS2- SulfideN3- NitrideP3- Phosphide Example: Cu3P is copper phosphide or copper(I) phosphide. Naming Ionic Compounds Using  -ite and -ate Some polyatomic anions contain oxygen. These anions are called oxyanions. When an element forms two oxyanions, the one with less oxygen is given a name ending in -ite and the one with more oxygen are given a name that ends in -ate. NO2- NitriteNO3- NitrateSO32- SulfiteSO42- Sulfate Example: KNO2 is potassium nitrite, while KNO3 is potassium nitrate. Naming Ionic Compounds Using hypo- and per- In the case where there is a series of four oxyanions, the hypo- and per- prefixes are used in conjunction with the -ite and -ate suffixes. The hypo- and per- prefixes indicate less oxygen and more oxygen, respectively. ClO- HypochloriteClO2- ChloriteClO3- ChlorateClO4- Perchlorate Example: The bleaching agent sodium hypochlorite is NaClO. It is also sometimes called the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid. Ionic Compounds Containing bi- and di- Hydrogen Polyatomic anions sometimes gain one or more H ions to form anions of a lower charge. These ions are named by adding the word hydrogen or dihydrogen in front of the name of the anion. It is still common to see and use the older naming convention in which the prefix bi- is used to indicate the addition of a single hydrogen ion. HCO3- Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonateHSO4- Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfateH2PO4- Dihydrogen phosphate Example: The classic example is the chemical name for water, H2O, which is dihydrogen monoxide or dihydrogen oxide. Dihydrogen dioxide, H2O2, is more commonly called hydrogen dioxide or hydrogen peroxide.

Adam Smith And Karl Marx - 973 Words

Adam Smith and Karl Marx were two economic philosophers who each introduced revolutionary ideas concerning economic systems, and their effect upon social progress and prosperity. Smith proposed an economic system, known as capitalism, in which a laborer s wage is wholly relative to their contribution to increasing the means of production; productivity is capitalism s main objective, as it inevitably results in increased profit and revenue. Conversely, Marx proposed an economic system, known as communism, which advocates for the equal distribution of wealth among the owners of the means of production, and their laborers, in an effort to stimulate fair and sustainable wages. A hypothetical situation arises in which, Western nations show interest in the valuable natural resources of a Pacific island, inhabited by people who have already established their own economic system and patriarchal social norms. Concerning the economic welfare of the inhabitants, the potential value of the resources, and the wealth of the newly discovered nation, Marx and Smith would respond to the situation with the same conclusion: the inhabitants should not allow Western nations to access and capitalize upon their natural resources. Although both philosophers agree about discouraging external influences upon the island s economic structure, the motivating factors behind each s decisions differ. Smith would discourage external influences in favor of the inhabitants capitalizing upon their naturalShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx And Adam Smith Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesPresence of the Theories of Karl Marx Adam Smith Within the Canadian Economy Written by: Jason Kothary, Zach Shafi, Sam Girma Kevin Sallaku Research: Ryan Salehi, Zack Izzeddin, David Moffett, Cameron Bernardo, Harrison Toms, Taha Mahmood, Anthony Alexiou, Jason Kothary, Zach Shafi, Sam Girma Kevin Sallaku Canada’s economy is one that exhibits a multitude of characteristics that adhere to the capitalist and socialist constructs of a mixed system. In order to clearly define and analyze theRead MoreAdam Smith And Karl Marx1055 Words   |  5 PagesDerek Ding Economy Ms. Walsh Period D Adam Smith and Karl Marx Adam Smith and Karl Marx are famous for their influential and prominent theories about economics. Two difference thoughts indeed are contributions that can change the world. 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Adam Smith and Karl Marx Contemporary economics are best explained by comparing two foundational thinkers that have contributed to the better understanding of liberalism, one being its proponent Adam Smith and the other being its most significant critic, Karl Marx. Both thinkers are profoundly important in locating and investigating the roots of neoliberalism as well as exploring alternatives ways to challenge neoliberal economics in the face of its post-cold war expansion as the inevitable andRead MoreAdam Smith And Karl Marx1924 Words   |  8 Pagesshould be achieved Latin America. Adam Smith and Karl Marx are examples of the main two views. Adam Smith, a Scottish Philosopher, was a critique of controlled markets and supported the idea that consumers should be able to engage in a free market in order to achieve overall self- profit. As a believer in capitalism, Smith also viewed private property and overall self- interest as positives. 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This is not to say that I do not agree with some of the precepts of pure Communism, but like the old adage says, Communism looks good on paper, but in practice, it is completely ineffective. Historically, this form of government does not tend to succeed because of many factors. Some of these include basic economic differences, individualism

Why I Write Essay Example For Students

Why I Write Essay Ezra Schwarcz Why I Write Like Joan Didion before me, I stole the title of my essay from George Orwell. But unlike her, I didnt steal it because I like the sound of the words that share the same sound, but rather because there is no better way to display so clearly the purpose of this essay. Why I Write exemplifies Orwells brilliance in writing in a manner that explicitly articulates the authors motivations and aspirations. In it, he discloses, that of late years I have tried to write less picturesquely and more exactly (Orwell 5). In other words, Orwell not only reveals his intent, where other authors compel the eader to make inferences, but he also chooses to write in a more documentarian manner, instead of the impressionistic, so that his style, in addition to his content, echoes his intent. This technique is sustained in his novels, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, both clearly infused with political purpose as well as artistic purpose, thus maintaining and perpetuating Orwells stylistic triumph along with his personal integrity. In their essays, both Orwell and Didion, who builds on Orwells essay, aim to demystify the writing process by deconstructing their respective motivations for riting. While both authors write candidly and reflectively, neither can really say, despite their prominence as masters of the craft, from where, exactly, springs the source of their genius. As a result, the reader is left with the suspicion that effective writing is mysterious, elusive, and only to be enjoyed by those with the acquired taste for sensory struggle, and perhaps a touch of masochism. Why some people gravitate to this experience is quite ineffable. But, as the medieval cleric, R Tarphon once advised, while we are not required to fulfill the task, we are not allowed to desist from t either; and, thus both writers reflect on what qualities tend to support successful writing. Orwell classifies these categories explicitly. They are: 1) sheer egoism, meaning the desire for attention and recognition; 2) aesthetic enthusiasm, which refers to expressing ones perception of beauty; 3) historical impulse, or the desire investigate and figure out the truth for the use of the posterity (Orwell 3); and finally, political purpose, meaning the desire to influence people with ones ideas and to even push the world in a certain direction (Orwell 3). Orwell goes on to say he is a person in whom the first three motives would outweigh the fourth. Though, this is wholly ironic coming from the author of such polemical satires such as Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, which are characterized by their political content. In her essay, Didion provides a motive for writing not mentioned by Orwell. She recalls that in college she found it difficult to process her thoughts, which were seemingly random and abstract. She writes, I knew that I was not a legitimate resident in any world of ideas. I knew I couldnt think. All I kn ew then was what I couldnt do. All I knew then was what I wasnt, and In other words, Joan Didion writes because of, and not despite of the fact that she has an inability to internally process her ideas. By writing, she can find out what she is thinking, what she is looking at, what she sees and what it means and consequently, what she wants, and what she fears. While Orwell desires to push the world in a certain direction, to alter other peoples idea of the kind of society that they should strive after (Orwell 3), Didion argues that this is the most aggressive, or hostile aspect of writing. She elaborates, In many ways writing is the act of saying l, of mposing oneself on other people, of saying listen to me, see it my way, change your mind (Didion 1). Didion dramatically relates that writing is an Imposition of the writers sensibility on the readers most private space (Didion 1). By reviewing essays that I have written in the past, I can see a pattern that most closely adheres to Orwells. On the other hand, as Didion has found, I hadnt realized how passionate I had been with regards to the politics in my writing, until I had put my ideas into words on paper. Entrepreneurship Process and Principles EssayMiller, the author of The Justifications of the Iraq War Examined, puts it, to stop the oppression of a defenseless group, to protect humanitarian relief efforts, to help refugees escape from or return to their native country, or to help a fledgling independence movement Oustiflcations of the Iraq War Examined, 57). However, there turned out to be no weapons of such destruction, thus elf-defense fails to satisfy my criteria as a Justification. Additionally, there was no law enforcement needed because Iraq never really posed an issue to international peace and security† President Bush exaggerated that point. And once those first two rationales began to be exposed as defective, the President increasingly turned to the rescue rationale Oustification of the Iraq War, 8). However I mention in the essay that the rescue rationale was also faulty. Perhaps it would have been Justifiable to invade Iraq and remove Saddam from power if Saddam continued human rights abuses. However, in March 2003, at the time of invasion, there was no evidence of any abuses. In fact, Saddam was locked in place by sanctions, surrounded by troops, and surrounded by no-fly zones in the north and south; so how could he have conducted military operations as he had done earlier? Oustiflcations of the Iraq War, 9). Like my other essays, the motive of this essay is clearly political. Its purpose is to expose the fact that the United States did not satisfy any of the three appropriate justifications for declaring war on a foreign country, thus having no Justification for erhaps make us a little more sensitive and critical next time Congress debates a war. Although you can say that there is evidence in my essays of sheer egoism, aesthetic enthusiasm, historical impulse, to use Orwells phrases, and perhaps even the desire to make sense of my thoughts, as Didion observes, it remains clear that what really motivates me to write is political purpose that has personal meaning. For example, in my essay, The Business of Eating, I try to bring light to the problem that we are becoming sickened by what we are choosing to eat. In Rethinking Ethics, I use Lockes, Nussbaums and Robbins arguments to provide my own: that we need to reexamine certain concepts so that the we can truly understand what it means to be ethical in the world today. In my Justifications of the Iraq War, I expose the faulty rationale upon which our president led the United States into a pointless war, thus causing the reader to become more critical of his or her government and more sensitive to war. In so doing, I identified political arguments that are important to me, and hopefully, to my readers as well. Works Cited Orwell, George. Why I Write. Thesis. 1946. N. p. : n. p. , n. George Orwell. The Complete Works of George Orwell. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Didion, Joan. Why I Write. Thesis. 1976. New York: New York Times Book Review, 1976. Print. Schwarcz, Ezra W. The Business of Eating. Thesis. Yeshiva University English Department, 2012. Print. Schwarcz, Ezra W. Rethinking Ethics. Thesis. Yeshiva University English Department, 2012. Print. Schwarcz, Ezra W. Justificati on of the Iraq War. Thesis. Shalhevet High School History Department, 2009. Print. Miller, Richard B. Justifications of the Iraq War Examined. Ethics International Affairs 22. 1 (2008): Web. 22 Dec. 2012.